Bootstrap 佈局

簡介

在本教學中，您將學習如何使用 Bootstrap 工具包來創建固定佈局和流動佈局。教程是基於 Bootstrap 版本 2.0。

在版本 2.0 中，Bootstrap 為手機、平板電腦、筆記本、小型臺式機、大型寬屏臺式機等添加了回應特性。
可以通過向頁面添加 bootstrap-responsive.css 檔（位於 docs\assets\css 下）來讓佈局具有回應性。

Bootstrap 固定佈局

如果您想要創建基於固定像素數的網頁或 app，請看這部分的教學。

用法

<body>
  <div class="container">
    ...
  </div>
</body>

解釋

bootstrap.css（位於 bootstrap 的主文件夾的 docs\assets\css 下）的第 261 到 273 行，為創建主容器渲染樣式，從而創建一個固定佈局。固定佈局的目的是為網頁或 app 創建一個 940 像素（默認）寬的佈局。

Bootstrap 固定佈局的實例

下麵的代碼創建一個網頁固定佈局。為了定制，除了默認樣式，還需創建一個新的 css 檔 example-fixed-layout.css，與 bootstrap.css 位於同一個檔夾下。

CSS 代碼

body {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.nav li {
padding-top: 5px;
}
.leaderboard {
padding: 60px;
margin-bottom: 30px;
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
background-repeat:repeat;
-webkit-border-radius: 6px;
-moz-border-radius: 6px;
border-radius: 6px;
}
.leaderboard h1 {
font-size: 40px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
line-height: 1;
letter-spacing: -1px;
color:#FF6600;
}
.leaderboard p {
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 200;
line-height: 27px;
}

HTML 代碼

實例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>使用Bootstrap 版本 2.0 固定佈局的實例</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="description" content="Example of Fixed Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0 from xuhuhu.com">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <!-- Le styles -->
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/example-fixed-layout.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
        <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png">
</head>

<body>
    <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="navbar-inner">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </a>
                <a class="brand" href="#">
                    <img src="/images/w3r.png" width="111" height="30" alt="w3cschool logo" /></a>
                <div class="nav-collapse">
                    <ul class="nav">
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="#">Home</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#about">About</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
                <!--/.nav-collapse --></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="container">
        <!-- Main hero unit for a primary marketing message or call to action -->
        <div class="leaderboard">
            <h1>w3cschool Web Store</h1>
            <p>Try and purchase HTML5, JS, Ruby, PHP-MySQL based web apps to enhance your productivity at affordable price.</p>
            <p>
                <a class="btn btn-success btn-large">Sign Up for a 30 day free trial</a></p>
        </div>
        <!-- Example row of columns -->
        <div class="row">
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>HTML5 and JS Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh,ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>Ruby Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh,ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>PHP MySQL Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec sed odio dui. Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
        </div>
        <hr>
        <footer>
            <p>&copy; Company 2012</p>
        </footer>
    </div>
    <!-- /container -->
    <!-- Le javascript==================================================- ->
    <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-transition.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-alert.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-modal.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tab.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tooltip.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-popover.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-button.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-collapse.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-carousel.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-typeahead.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

輸出

bootstrap fixed layout example

線上查看

在不同的流覽器窗口查看上面實例。

Bootstrap 流動佈局

如果想要創建一個非固定的佈局，即基於百分比的佈局，以便讓佈局更靈活，請看這部分教程。

用法

<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row-fluid">
    <div class="span2">
      <!--Sidebar content-->
    </div>
    <div class="span10">
      <!--Body content-->
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

解釋

bootstrap.css（位於 bootstrap 的主文件夾的 docs\assets\css 下）的第 274 到 285 行，為創建主容器渲染樣式，從而創建一個流動佈局。流動佈局的目的是為網頁或 app 創建一個基於百分比的佈局（比如，width=20%）。

Bootstrap 流動佈局的實例

下麵的代碼創建一個網頁流動佈局。為了定制，除了默認樣式，還需創建一個新的 css 檔 example-fluid-layout.css，與 bootstrap.css 位於同一個檔夾下。

CSS 代碼

 body {
        padding-top: 60px;
        padding-bottom: 40px;
      }
      .nav li {
      padding-top: 5px;
      }
    
      .sidebar-nav {
        padding: 9px 0;
      }
      .leaderboard {
  padding: 60px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
  background-repeat:repeat;
  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
  -moz-border-radius: 6px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}
.leaderboard h1 {
  font-size: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  color:#FF6600;
}
.leaderboard p {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 200;
  line-height: 27px;
}

.well {
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
  background-repeat:repeat;
  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
  -moz-border-radius: 6px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.nav .nav-header {
font-size: 18px;
color:#FF9900;
}

HTML 代碼

實例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>使用Bootstrap 版本 2.0 固定佈局的實例</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="description" content="Example of Fluid Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0 from xuhuhu.com">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <!-- Le styles -->
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/example-fluid-layout.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"></head>

<body>
    <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="navbar-inner">
            <div class="container-fluid">
                <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </a>
                <a class="brand" href="#">
                    <img src="/images/w3r.png" width="111" height="30" alt="w3cschool logo" /></a>
                <div class="nav-collapse">
                    <ul class="nav">
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="#">Home</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#about">About</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
                    </ul>
                    <p class="navbar-text pull-right">Logged in as
                        <a href="#">username</a></p>
                </div>
                <!--/.nav-collapse --></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row-fluid">
            <div class="span3">
                <div class="well sidebar-nav">
                    <ul class="nav nav-list">
                        <li class="nav-header">Frontend</li>
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="#">HTML 4.01</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">HTML5</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">CSS</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">JavaScript</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">Twitter Bootstrap</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">Firebug</a></li>
                        <li class="nav-header">Backend</li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">PHP</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">SQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">MySQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">PostgreSQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">MongoDB</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </div><!--/.well -->
            </div><!--/span-->
            <div class="span9">
                <div class="leaderboard">
                    <h1>Learn. Practice. Develop.</h1>
                    <p>w3cschool offers web development tutorials. We believe in Open Source. Love standards. And prioritize simplicity and readability while serving content.</p>
                    <p>
                        <a class="btn btn-success btn-large">Join w3cschool now</a></p>
                </div>
                <div class="row-fluid">
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Learn</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start Learning now</a></p>
                    </div><!--/span-->
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Practice</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start percticing now</a></p>
                    </div>
                    <!--/span-->
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Develop</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start developing now</a></p>
                    </div><!--/span-->
                </div><!--/row-->
                <hr>
                <footer>
                    <p>&copy; Company 2012</p>
                </footer>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div><!--/.fluid-container-->
    
    <!-- Le javascript==================================================- ->
    <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-transition.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-alert.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-modal.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tab.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tooltip.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-popover.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-button.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-collapse.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-carousel.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-typeahead.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

輸出

bootstrap fluid layout example

線上查看

在不同的流覽器窗口查看上面實例。

點擊這裏，下載本教學中使用到的所有 HTML、CSS、JS 和圖片檔。