一些要用到的技術:
- Spring 3.2.8.RELEASE
- Spring Security 3.2.3.RELEASE
- Eclipse 4.2
- JDK 1.6
- Maven 3
- Tomcat 7 (Servlet 3.x)
一些需要注意的事項:
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本教程使用 WebApplicationInitializer 來自動加載 Spring 上下文加載器,這些僅在 Servlet 3.X 容器中支持,例如:Tomcat7和 Jetty8。
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由於我們使用了WebApplicationInitializer,所以不需要web.xml配置檔。
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Spring Security注釋在舊版本的Servlet容器2.x中支持,例如:Tomcat6. 如果您使用經典的XML檔來加載Spring上下文,本教程仍然能夠部署在Servlet容器2.X 中,例如,Tomcat6。
2. 目錄結構

3. Spring Security依懶
要使用Spring security, 我們需要 spring-security-web 和 spring-security-config.
<properties> <jdk.version>1.6</jdk.version> <spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version> <spring.security.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</spring.security.version> <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- Spring 3 dependencies --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring Security --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- jstl for jsp page --> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>${jstl.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
4. Spring MVC Web應用程式
一些簡單的控制器,如下所示:
- 如果 URL = /welcome 或 / , 返回 hello 頁面;
- 如果 URL = /admin , 返回 admin 頁面;
- 如果 URL = /dba , 返回admin 頁面;
接下來,我們將保證 /admin 和 /dba URLs.
package com.zaixian.web.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping(value = { "/", "/welcome**" }, method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView welcomePage() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(); model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Hello World"); model.addObject("message", "This is welcome page!"); model.setViewName("hello"); return model; } @RequestMapping(value = "/admin**", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView adminPage() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(); model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Hello World"); model.addObject("message", "This is protected page - Admin Page!"); model.setViewName("admin"); return model; } @RequestMapping(value = "/dba**", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView dbaPage() { ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(); model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Hello World"); model.addObject("message", "This is protected page - Database Page!"); model.setViewName("admin"); return model; } }
兩個 JSP 頁面如下所示:
<%@page session="false"%> <html> <body> <h1>Title : ${title}</h1> <h1>Message : ${message}</h1> </body> </html>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <%@page session="true"%> <html> <body> <h1>Title : ${title}</h1> <h1>Message : ${message}</h1> <c:if test="${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name != null}"> <h2>Welcome : ${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name} | <a href="<c:url value="/logout" />" > Logout</a></h2> </c:if> </body> </html>
5. Spring Security配置
5.1創建 Spring Security 配置檔,並 @EnableWebSecurity 注解,如下代碼所示:
package com.zaixian.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("zaixian").password("123456").roles("USER"); auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("admin").password("123456").roles("ADMIN"); auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("dba").password("123456").roles("DBA"); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/admin/**").access("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')") .antMatchers("/dba/**").access("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN') or hasRole('ROLE_DBA')") .and().formLogin(); } }
這等同於以下 Spring Security xml 檔:
<http auto-config="true"> <intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <intercept-url pattern="/dba**" access="ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_DBA" /> </http> <authentication-manager> <authentication-provider> <user-service> <user name="zaixian" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_USER" /> <user name="admin" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <user name="dba" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_DBA" /> </user-service> </authentication-provider> </authentication-manager>
5.2 創建一個擴展 AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer 的一個類, 它將會自動地加載 springSecurityFilterChain 。
package com.zaixian.config.core; import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer; public class SpringSecurityInitializer extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer { //do nothing }
這等同於以下 Spring Security 中的 web.xml 檔,如下:
<filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
6. Spring MVC配置
6.1 這是一個配置類, 定義視圖技術和導入上述 SecurityConfig.java.
package com.zaixian.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; @EnableWebMvc @Configuration @ComponentScan({ "com.zaixian.web.*" }) @Import({ SecurityConfig.class }) public class AppConfig { @Bean public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() { InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver(); viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/"); viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); return viewResolver; } }
這將等同於以下 Spring XML檔:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zaixian.web.*" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean>
6.2 創建一個 Initializer 類來加載所有的一切,如下代碼:
package com.zaixian.config.core; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; import com.zaixian.config.AppConfig; public class SpringMvcInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { AppConfig.class }; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return null; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[] { "/" }; } }
到這裏,實例介紹完成了,您可以參考本實例並自己親自動實踐一下體驗。
7. 示例
7.1. 打開進入歡迎頁面 – http://localhost:8080/spsecurity-helloworld-annotation/welcome 如下圖所示 -
7.2 嘗試訪問 http://localhost:8080/spsecurity-helloworld-annotation/admin 頁面,Spring Security將截取請求並重定向到 /login,並顯示一個默認的登錄表單。
7.3. 如果用戶名和密碼不正確,將提示(顯示)錯誤資訊,並且Spring將重定向到網址:http://localhost:8080/spsecurity-helloworld-annotation/login?error.
7.4. 如果用戶名和密碼是正確的,Spring將請求重定向到原來請求的URL並顯示該網頁。
7.5.對於未經授權的用戶,Spring會顯示403拒絕訪問頁面。例如,用戶名 “zaixian” 或 “dba” 嘗試訪問 /admin 這個網址。可以看到一個禁止訪問的提示 -