1- 介绍

这篇教程文章是基于 Spring MVC来实现文件的上传功能，这里主要是实现两个功能：1、上传单个文件并将其移动到对应的上传目录；2、一次上传多个文件并将它们存储在指定文件夹下，接下来我们一步步地实现。

2- 创建工程

File/New/Other..

输入：

Group ID: com.zaixian
Artifact ID: SpringMVCFileUpload
Package: com.zaixian.springmvcfileupload

这样，工程就被创建了，如下图所示：

不要担心项目被创建时有错误消息。原因是，你还没有声明的Servlet库。

注意:

Eclipse 4.4 (Luna) 创建 Maven 项目结构可能会有错误，需要修复它。

3- 配置Maven

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
 
 
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zaixian</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVCFileUpload</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringMVCFileUpload Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
 
 
        <!-- Servlet API -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- Jstl for jsp page -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
 
 
        <!-- JSP API -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
 
 
        <!-- Spring dependencies -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
 
        <!-- Apache Commons FileUpload -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- Apache Commons IO -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>SpringMVCFileUpload</finalName>
        <plugins>
 
            <!-- Config: Maven Tomcat Plugin -->
            <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat.maven/tomcat7-maven-plugin -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                 
                <!-- Config: contextPath and Port (Default - /SpringMVCFileUpload : 8080) -->
                 
                <!--
                <configuration>
                    <path>/</path>
                    <port>8899</port>
                </configuration>
                -->
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
     
</project>

4- 配置Spring

配置 web.xml.

SpringContextListener 将读取参数 contextConfigLocation 在配置文件：

WEB-INF/web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
         http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
   version="3.0">
 
   <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
   <servlet>
       <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>
           org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
       </servlet-class>
       <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>
 
   <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
 
   <!-- Other XML Configuration -->
   <!-- Load by Spring ContextLoaderListener -->
   <context-param>
       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
       <param-value>
          /WEB-INF/root-context.xml
        </param-value>        
   </context-param>
 
 
   <!-- Spring ContextLoaderListener -->
   <listener>
       <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
   </listener>
 
</web-app>

配置 Spring MVC:

WEB-INF/spring-mvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd  
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd  
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
 
   <!-- Package Scan -->
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.zaixian.springmvcfileupload" />
    
   <!-- Enables the Spring MVC Annotation Configuration -->
   <context:annotation-config />
   <bean
       class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
 
       <property name="prefix">
           <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value>
       </property>
 
       <property name="suffix">
           <value>.jsp</value>
       </property>
   </bean>
    
   <bean id="multipartResolver"
       class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
 
        <!-- Maximum file size: 1MB -->
        <!-- 1MB = 125000 Byte -->
       <property name="maxUploadSize" value="125000" />
   </bean>
 
</beans>

WEB-INF/root-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 
   <!-- Empty -->
 
</beans>

5- Java类

MyFileUploadController.java

package com.zaixian.springmvcfileupload;
 
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
 
@Controller
public class MyFileUploadController {
 
    // Upload One File.
    @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadOneFile")
    public String uploadOneFileHandler() {
        // Forward to "/WEB-INF/pages/uploadOneFile.jsp".
        return "uploadOneFile";
    }
 
    // Upload Multi File.
    @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadMultiFile")
    public String uploadMultiFileHandler() {
        // Forward to "/WEB-INF/pages/uploadMultiFile.jsp".
        return "uploadMultiFile";
    }
 
    // uploadOneFile.jsp, uploadMultiFile.jsp submit to.
    @RequestMapping(value = "/doUpload", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String uploadFileHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Model model,
            @RequestParam("file") MultipartFile[] files) {
 
        // Root Directory.
        String uploadRootPath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath(
                "upload");
        System.out.println("uploadRootPath=" + uploadRootPath);
 
        File uploadRootDir = new File(uploadRootPath);
        //
        // Create directory if it not exists.
        if (!uploadRootDir.exists()) {
            uploadRootDir.mkdirs();
        }
        //
        List<File> uploadedFiles = new ArrayList<File>();
        for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
            MultipartFile file = files[i];
 
            // Client File Name
            String name = file.getOriginalFilename();
            System.out.println("Client File Name = " + name);
 
            if (name != null && name.length() > 0) {
                try {
                    byte[] bytes = file.getBytes();
 
                    // Create the file on server
                    File serverFile = new File(uploadRootDir.getAbsolutePath()
                            + File.separator + name);
 
                    // Stream to write data to file in server.
                    BufferedOutputStream stream = new BufferedOutputStream(
                            new FileOutputStream(serverFile));
                    stream.write(bytes);
                    stream.close();
                    //
                    uploadedFiles.add(serverFile);
                    System.out.println("Write file: " + serverFile);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.out.println("Error Write file: " + name);
                }
            }
        }
        model.addAttribute("uploadedFiles", uploadedFiles);
        return "uploadResult";
    }
 
}

6- 视图(JSP)

uploadOneFile.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Upload One File</title>
</head>
<body>
 
    <h3>Upload One File:</h3>
 
    <form method="POST" action="doUpload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        File to upload: <input type="file" name="file"><br />       
        <input type="submit" value="Upload">
    </form>
     
</body>
</html>

uploadMultiFile.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Upload Multi File</title>
</head>
<body>
 
   <h3>Upload Multiple File:</h3>
    
    <form method="POST" action="doUpload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
 
        File to upload (1): <input type="file" name="file"><br />      
        File to upload (2): <input type="file" name="file"><br />  
        File to upload (3): <input type="file" name="file"><br />  
        File to upload (4): <input type="file" name="file"><br />  
        File to upload (5): <input type="file" name="file"><br />   
         
        <input type="submit" value="Upload">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

uploadResult.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
     
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Upload Result</title>
</head>
<body>
   <h3>Uploaded Files:</h3>
  
    <c:forEach items="${uploadedFiles}" var="file">
           - ${file} <br>
    </c:forEach>
 
</body>
</html>