处理API中的异常和错误并向客户端发送适当的响应对企业应用程序有利。在本章中,将学习如何在Spring Boot中处理异常。
在继续进行异常处理之前,了解以下注解。
控制器Advice
@ControllerAdvice
是一个注解,用于全局处理异常。
异常处理程序
@ExceptionHandler
是一个注释,用于处理特定异常并将自定义响应发送到客户端。使用以下代码创建@ControllerAdvice
类来全局处理异常 -
package com.zaixian.demo.exception;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
@ControllerAdvice
public class ProductExceptionController {
}
定义一个扩展RuntimeException
类的子类。
package com.zaixian.demo.exception;
public class ProductNotfoundException extends RuntimeException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}
可以定义@ExceptionHandler
方法来处理异常,如图所示。 此方法应用于编写Controller Advice
类文件。
@ExceptionHandler(value = ProductNotfoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<Object> exception(ProductNotfoundException exception) {
}
现在,使用下面给出的代码从API中抛出异常。
@RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct() {
throw new ProductNotfoundException();
}
下面给出了处理异常的完整代码。在此示例中,使用PUT API更新产品。 此处,在更新产品时,如果找不到产品,则将响应错误消息返回为:"ProductNotFoundException"
。 请注意,ProductNotFoundException
异常类应该扩展RuntimeException
。
package com.zaixian.demo.exception;
public class ProductNotfoundException extends RuntimeException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}
下面给出了用于全局处理异常的ControllerAdvice类。在这个类文件中定义任何异常处理方法。
package com.zaixian.demo.exception;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
@ControllerAdvice
public class ProductExceptionController {
@ExceptionHandler(value = ProductNotfoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<Object> exception(ProductNotfoundException exception) {
return new ResponseEntity<>("Product not found", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
}
}
下面给出了Product Service API控制器文件以更新产品。 如果找不到产品,则抛出ProductNotFoundException
类。
package com.zaixian.demo.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.zaixian.demo.exception.ProductNotfoundException;
import com.zaixian.demo.model.Product;
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
static {
Product honey = new Product();
honey.setId("1");
honey.setName("Honey");
productRepo.put(honey.getId(), honey);
Product almond = new Product();
almond.setId("2");
almond.setName("Almond");
productRepo.put(almond.getId(), almond);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable("id") String id, @RequestBody Product product) {
if(!productRepo.containsKey(id))throw new ProductNotfoundException();
productRepo.remove(id);
product.setId(id);
productRepo.put(id, product);
return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is updated successfully", HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
Spring Boot应用程序主类文件的代码如下 -
package com.zaixian.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
产品POJO类的代码如下 -
package com.zaixian.demo.model;
public class Product {
private String id;
private String name;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
Maven build的代码 - 文件:pom.xml 如下所示 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zaixian</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Gradle构建文件:build.gradle 的代码如下 -
buildscript {
ext {
springBootVersion = '1.5.8.RELEASE'
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
}
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
group = 'com.zaixian'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}
创建可执行的JAR文件,并使用Maven或Gradle命令运行Spring Boot应用程序,对于Maven,可以使用以下命令 -
mvn clean install
在控制台看到有"BUILD SUCCESS"
之后,在目标目录下找到JAR文件。对于Gradle,使用以下命令 -
gradle clean build
在控制台看到有"BUILD SUCCESS"
之后,在build/libs
目录下找到JAR文件。使用以下命令运行JAR文件 -
java –jar <JARFILE>
这将在Tomcat端口8080
上启动应用程序,如下所示 -
现在点击 POSTMAN 应用程序中的URL,更新URL为 : http://localhost:8080/products/3 , 可以看到如下输出 -